Web3 Privacy: Real Risks & How to Stay Safe

Imagine a digital world where you, and only you, control your data. No more shadowy corporations tracking your every click, no more algorithms predicting your desires for profit. This is the powerful vision fueling the Web3 revolution. The promise of decentralization, user empowerment, and a more equitable internet is incredibly compelling. But before we fully embrace this decentralized future, a critical question looms large: are our digital secrets truly safe within the intricate architecture of Web3?

For many, the allure of reclaiming their online privacy is a primary motivator for exploring this new frontier. However, the reality of Web3 privacy issues is far more complex than simple decentralization suggests. It’s a landscape riddled with unique challenges and potential pitfalls that demand careful consideration. Are you truly in control, or are new vulnerabilities emerging in this decentralized ecosystem?

In 2025, the Web3 sector is booming, with an annual growth rate of 28.54% and investments averaging $10.7 million per funding round, signaling its transformative potential. Yet, as decentralized technologies like blockchain and decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) gain traction, they also introduce new risks. For instance, “The rise of quantum computing and Advanced AI systems threaten to dismantle current encryption standards and exploit centralized data repositories. Paolo Ardoino, CEO of Tether, advocates for localizing AI models on devices to enhance privacy and independence from corporate control, underscoring the need for quantum-resistant algorithms and decentralized AI models. David Holtzman, Chief Strategy Officer at Naoris, warns that centralized data repositories are inherently vulnerable to AI-driven heuristic data exploitation and quantum attacks.

Moreover, while Web3 innovations like zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) and decentralized identity solutions offer privacy-preserving alternatives, they also face challenges in scalability, interoperability, and regulatory compliance. For example, zkMe’s zkKYC solution leverages Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) technology to enable secure identity verification without exposing sensitive data, addressing the growing demand for privacy and compliance in the decentralized ecosystem. It integrates with TON Blockchain, ensuring seamless compliance and user-friendly applications for a broader audience. However, the integration of such technologies into mainstream applications remains a work in progress.

This comprehensive guide delves deep into the tangible privacy challenges inherent in Web3, offering not just awareness but also actionable, proven strategies to fortify your digital defenses and navigate this evolving landscape with confidence. We’ll move beyond the hype and explore the real, documented threats, providing you with the knowledge to not just participate in Web3, but to thrive securely within it. This isn’t just about understanding the risks; it’s about equipping you with the tools and knowledge to achieve genuine privacy in the decentralized web, positioning you for success in this transformative era.

By 2025, Web3 is poised to redefine digital interactions, offering enhanced financial access, innovative governance models, and increased digital autonomy.  Key trends include the integration of AI with Web3, the rise of privacy-preserving technologies like ZKPs, and the adoption of decentralized identity solutions. However, addressing challenges like scalability, user experience, and security concerns will be crucial to unlocking its full potential. As we adapt to these changes, the vision for Web3 extends beyond technology—it aims to build a more transparent, fair, and dynamic global economy, where users have control over their digital experiences and identities.

Understanding Web3 Privacy

To effectively address the privacy concerns within Web3, we must first establish a solid understanding of its foundational principles and how they differ from the centralized web we’re accustomed to. It’s a paradigm shift that requires a new way of thinking about data ownership and control.

Your Control

Think of the internet as it exists today Web2 as a collection of powerful, centralized hubs. Giants like Google, Facebook (now Meta), and Amazon act as gatekeepers, controlling vast amounts of user data on their proprietary servers. In contrast, Web3 envisions a more distributed architecture, where data and applications reside on decentralized networks, often leveraging blockchain technology.

This fundamental shift aims to empower users by giving them greater control over their digital assets and information. For instance, consider how social media operates today. Your posts, photos, and personal information are largely stored and controlled by platforms like Facebook. In a Web3 paradigm, a decentralized social network might allow you to store your content on a blockchain or a decentralized storage network, accessible only through your private keys.

This means you have the ultimate say in who can access and use your data. This concept of data sovereignty the idea that individuals have ultimate control over their personal data is a core tenet of the Web3 ethos. However, realizing this ideal requires navigating the inherent complexities of decentralized systems and understanding the responsibilities that come with holding your own keys.

Openness of Blockchain

At the heart of many Web3 applications lies blockchain technology, a distributed, immutable ledger that records transactions across a network of computers. Imagine a publicly accessible digital record book where every action is permanently inscribed. This inherent transparency is a powerful tool for fostering trust and accountability. Anyone can audit the blockchain, verifying transactions and ensuring the integrity of the system. For example, the transparency of blockchain makes it ideal for tracking the supply chain of goods, ensuring authenticity and preventing counterfeiting.

However, this very transparency presents a significant challenge to traditional notions of privacy. Consider the early days of Bitcoin. While transactions were pseudonymous, research by companies like Chainalysis has demonstrated how sophisticated analysis techniques can link seemingly anonymous transactions to real-world identities by tracking the flow of funds and identifying patterns. This highlights the inherent tension between the transparency that makes blockchain so secure and the privacy that users expect. It’s a balancing act between the desire for an open and auditable system and the need for individual confidentiality.

Not Truly Hidden

Often, interactions within Web3 involve the use of pseudonymous wallet addresses long strings of alphanumeric characters that don’t directly reveal your name or personal information. Think of it as using a nickname or handle online. While this provides a degree of separation and can feel like anonymity, it’s crucial to understand that it’s not true, impenetrable anonymity.

As we’ve seen with the example of blockchain analysis, determined individuals, organizations, or even sophisticated algorithms can often connect these pseudonyms to real-world identities through a variety of methods. For instance, if you purchase cryptocurrency on a centralized exchange like Coinbase or Binance that requires Know Your Customer (KYC) verification and then transfer those funds to a self-custody wallet, a link is created between your verified identity and that wallet address. Furthermore, your online behavior can also inadvertently reveal your identity.

If you consistently use the same wallet address to interact with various decentralized applications and services, this pattern of activity can be traced back to you. Similarly, interacting with centralized services or platforms like MetaMask or OpenSea that bridge the Web2 and Web3 worlds can inadvertently reveal your identity. Therefore, relying solely on pseudonymity as a privacy strategy in Web3 is a risky proposition and requires a more nuanced understanding of the potential for deanonymization and the importance of employing additional privacy-enhancing techniques.

Key Web3 Privacy Dangers

The unique architecture of Web3 introduces specific privacy vulnerabilities that users need to be aware of. It’s not just about the technology itself, but also how it’s used and the potential vulnerabilities that exist.

Openness vs. Privacy

The very characteristic that makes blockchains so secure and verifiable their public and immutable nature also poses a significant threat to privacy. Every transaction you initiate, every smart contract you interact with, is permanently recorded on the blockchain and potentially visible to anyone with an internet connection. This includes the amount of cryptocurrency transferred, the wallet addresses involved in the transaction, and the precise timestamp of the interaction.

While your name might not be explicitly attached to these transactions, patterns of activity can reveal a surprising amount about your financial habits, your interests, and your online behavior. Consider the implications for financial privacy. If all your cryptocurrency transactions are publicly viewable, it could reveal your net worth, your spending habits, and even your investment strategies. This level of transparency could make you a target for malicious actors or even impact your ability to negotiate deals in the future.

A report by researchers at the University of Luxembourg, published in the journal Future Generation Computer Systems, further explores the privacy implications of blockchain transparency, highlighting the potential for inference attacks that can deduce sensitive information from publicly available transaction data. It emphasizes that even seemingly innocuous transaction data can be combined and analyzed to reveal sensitive personal and financial information.

Finding Your Identity

While using a pseudonymous wallet address offers a superficial layer of privacy, a variety of sophisticated techniques can be employed to link these addresses back to real-world identities, effectively deanonymizing users. Combining on-chain data with off-chain information is a common method. For example, if you use your wallet address to receive a payment from a centralized exchange like Coinbase or Binance that has your KYC information, that transaction creates a link between your real identity and your wallet.

This is often how law enforcement agencies track illicit activities on the blockchain. Similarly, if you publicly associate your wallet address with your social media profile or website, you’re essentially volunteering your identity. Think of influencers who publicly share their crypto wallet addresses to receive tips they are explicitly linking their online persona to their on-chain activity. Furthermore, network analysis techniques can track transaction patterns and identify clusters of activity associated with a single entity.

Imagine participating in a decentralized governance vote on platforms like Uniswap or Compound and then publicly discussing your voting choices on a forum. Someone could potentially correlate your on-chain voting activity with your forum posts, revealing your identity. The reality is that achieving true anonymity in Web3 requires significant effort and the use of specialized privacy-enhancing tools, as the default state is often pseudonymity with the potential for deanonymization. Users need to be proactive in taking steps to protect their identity beyond simply using a wallet address.

Storage Risks

In Web3, data storage is often decentralized, meaning it’s distributed across a network of computers rather than being housed in a single, centralized location. While this distributed nature can enhance resilience against censorship and single points of failure, it also introduces new security and privacy considerations. The security of your data in a decentralized storage system like the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) depends heavily on how the data is encrypted before being stored and the security practices of the individual nodes hosting the data.

If your data isn’t properly encrypted, it could be vulnerable to unauthorized access if a node is compromised. Imagine storing sensitive personal documents on IPFS without encryption anyone running a node could potentially access that information. Furthermore, ensuring the long-term availability and integrity of data stored on decentralized networks is an ongoing challenge, as the responsibility for maintaining the data is distributed across numerous independent actors. There’s no guarantee that nodes will remain online indefinitely, potentially leading to data loss.

A report by the Cloud Security Alliance, titled “Security Guidance for Early Adopters of Decentralized Storage”, provides a comprehensive overview of the security considerations for decentralized storage solutions, emphasizing the importance of encryption, access control, and data redundancy.

Permanent Mistakes

One of blockchain’s core tenets is immutability once data is written to the blockchain, it cannot be altered or deleted. While this feature is crucial for ensuring the integrity and auditability of transactions, it also presents a significant and often overlooked privacy challenge. If sensitive personal information is mistakenly or maliciously recorded on the blockchain, it will remain there permanently, visible to anyone. Imagine accidentally including your social security number or other sensitive personal details in the metadata of an NFT you create.

That information would be permanently etched into the public ledger, creating a persistent privacy risk. There’s no “undo” button on the blockchain. This raises fundamental questions about the “right to be forgotten” in the context of Web3 and highlights the critical importance of exercising extreme caution when interacting with blockchain-based applications. Users need to be acutely aware of the information they are publishing on the blockchain, as it cannot be retracted.

Smart Contract Flaws

Smart contracts, self-executing pieces of code that automate agreements on the blockchain, are a fundamental building block of many Web3 applications. However, like any software, smart contracts are susceptible to bugs and vulnerabilities. If a smart contract is poorly written, contains security flaws, or hasn’t undergone rigorous auditing, malicious actors can exploit these weaknesses to access or steal funds or sensitive information.

The infamous Parity wallet hack, where vulnerabilities in a smart contract led to the freezing of millions of dollars worth of Ether, serves as a stark reminder of the potential consequences of smart contract vulnerabilities. Because smart contracts are immutable once deployed, vulnerabilities cannot be easily patched, making thorough auditing before deployment crucial.

Furthermore, the code of smart contracts is typically publicly visible on the blockchain, meaning that any sensitive logic or data embedded within the contract is exposed for anyone to scrutinize, potentially revealing vulnerabilities that can be exploited. Developers must be extremely careful about the information they hardcode into smart contracts.

Regulation Issues

The decentralized and global nature of Web3 presents significant challenges for existing privacy regulations like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) in the United States. zkMe’s zkKYC, for example, is FATF-compliant, offering a decentralized solution that aligns with global regulatory standards. These regulations grant individuals significant rights over their personal data, including the right to access, rectify, and erase their data.

However, enforcing these rights in a decentralized environment where no single entity controls the data is incredibly complex. Determining who qualifies as a “data controller” or “data processor” under GDPR when data is distributed across a blockchain network is a significant legal hurdle. For example, if personal data is stored on a decentralized storage network, it’s unclear who is responsible for complying with a user’s request to delete their data.

The lack of clear jurisdictional boundaries and the difficulty in identifying and holding accountable individuals or organizations responsible for privacy violations further complicate the regulatory landscape. Organizations like the World Economic Forum are actively exploring the policy and regulatory implications of blockchain and other Web3 technologies, recognizing the need for new frameworks that address the unique challenges of this decentralized environment. The legal framework for Web3 privacy is still in its nascent stages and requires careful consideration and development.

Your Responsibility

In Web3, the concept of self-custody is paramount. Users are responsible for managing their own private keys, which grant access to their digital assets and identity. While this offers greater control and eliminates the need to trust intermediaries, it also places a significant burden on the individual user. Losing your private key can result in the permanent and irreversible loss of your funds and data, with no central authority to recover it.

Imagine losing the seed phrase for your cryptocurrency wallet your funds would be irretrievably lost. Similarly, if your private key is compromised, malicious actors can gain complete control over your assets. This shift in responsibility requires users to adopt robust security practices, including using hardware wallets, securely storing seed phrases (preferably offline and in multiple secure locations), and being vigilant against phishing attacks and other social engineering tactics.

The stories of individuals losing access to their cryptocurrency holdings due to lost or compromised private keys are numerous and serve as a cautionary tale about the importance of responsible self-custody. It’s crucial to understand that in Web3, you are your own bank and your own security guard.

New Privacy Threats

As Web3 technology continues to evolve and mature, new and increasingly sophisticated threats to user privacy are constantly emerging. Staying informed about these evolving risks is crucial for proactively safeguarding your digital presence.

Fake Identities

A Sybil attack occurs when a malicious actor creates and controls multiple fake identities or accounts within a decentralized system to gain disproportionate influence or control. In the context of Web3, this can be used to manipulate voting mechanisms in Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs), spread misinformation on decentralized social networks, or even compromise the integrity of decentralized marketplaces by creating fake reviews or listings.

The challenge in mitigating Sybil attacks lies in the difficulty of verifying the uniqueness of identities in a permissionless environment. Imagine a scenario where a malicious actor creates thousands of fake accounts to vote in favor of a DAO proposal that would grant them access to sensitive user data or control over valuable assets. This can undermine the democratic principles of DAOs and erode trust in the system.

Detecting and preventing these attacks requires innovative solutions, such as proof-of-humanity protocols (which attempt to verify that a user is a unique, living person) and reputation systems (which assign scores to users based on their past behavior) 2612.

Hidden Information

Even when the core data itself is encrypted, metadata information about the data, such as transaction timestamps, sender and receiver addresses, transaction sizes, and interaction patterns can reveal surprisingly sensitive information. Analyzing this seemingly innocuous metadata can potentially deanonymize users, expose their financial activities, and reveal their social connections. For example, even if the content of your messages on a decentralized messaging application is end-to-end encrypted, the frequency and timing of your communications with certain individuals could reveal sensitive relationships or affiliations.

Think of whistleblowers who might communicate with journalists using encrypted messaging apps the metadata of their communications could still reveal their identity. Similarly, analyzing the metadata of your cryptocurrency transactions could reveal your trading strategies or your involvement in specific decentralized applications. Protecting against metadata exploitation requires employing techniques like transaction mixing (which obscures the links between transactions), using privacy-focused browsers that minimize data leakage, and being mindful of the information inadvertently revealed through your online interactions 211.

Tracking Across Chains

As interoperability between different blockchains increases, the potential for cross-chain tracking also grows significantly. Linking user activity across multiple distinct blockchains can create a more comprehensive and detailed profile of their behavior, eroding privacy and potentially revealing sensitive information that would otherwise remain siloed. Imagine using the same wallet address or a linked identity across multiple blockchains for different purposes perhaps for participating in DeFi on one chain and collecting NFTs on another.

Sophisticated tracking mechanisms could potentially correlate your activity across these chains, building a detailed picture of your financial transactions, digital asset holdings, and participation in various decentralized applications. This interconnectedness, while offering benefits in terms of user experience and asset transfer, also presents a significant privacy challenge that requires careful consideration and the development of privacy-preserving cross-chain solutions. Solutions like zero-knowledge proofs could play a crucial role in enabling private cross-chain interactions.

Web3 Privacy Solutions

Despite the inherent privacy challenges within Web3, a range of innovative solutions and practical strategies are emerging to empower users to protect their digital privacy and navigate this new landscape with greater security.

Stronger Crypto

Cutting-edge cryptographic techniques offer powerful tools to enhance privacy within Web3 applications, allowing users to interact with decentralized systems while minimizing the exposure of sensitive information.

Prove Without Showing

Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) are a revolutionary cryptographic technique that allows one party to prove to another that a statement is true without revealing any information about the statement itself. Imagine being able to prove your age to access age-restricted content without disclosing your actual birthdate.

Projects like Zcash utilize ZKPs to enable private transactions, concealing the sender, receiver, and the amount of the transaction. This technology has the potential to fundamentally transform how we interact with Web3, enabling secure and private interactions without compromising transparency or security. ZKPs can be used for a wide range of privacy-preserving applications, from anonymous voting to secure authentication.

Hidden Computations

Homomorphic encryption is an advanced cryptographic technique that allows computations to be performed on encrypted data without decrypting it first. This groundbreaking technology means that your data can be processed and analyzed without ever revealing its contents to the processing party. This has profound implications for privacy-preserving data analysis, secure multi-party computation, and a wide range of other applications within Web3.

Imagine researchers being able to analyze sensitive medical data stored on a blockchain to identify trends and develop new treatments without ever having access to the raw, unencrypted patient information. Homomorphic encryption is still a relatively nascent technology, but its potential for enhancing privacy is immense.

Own Your Identity

Decentralized Identity (DID) systems empower users to create and control their own digital identities, independent of centralized authorities, giving them greater autonomy over their personal information. For example, zkMe’s zkKYC enables users to verify their identities without exposing sensitive data, aligning with the self-sovereign identity framework.

You’re In Control

Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) puts individuals at the center of their digital identity management. With SSI, you own your identity data and decide who gets access to it and under what conditions. Verifiable credentials, issued by trusted entities, allow you to prove claims about yourself (e.g., your age, your qualifications, your membership in an organization) without revealing unnecessary personal details. The W3C’s Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) specification provides a standardized framework for creating and managing decentralized identities, fostering interoperability and user control. SSI aims to give individuals the same level of control over their digital identity as they have over their physical identity documents.

Private Blockchains

Certain blockchain platforms are specifically designed with privacy as a core architectural principle, offering enhanced confidentiality for transactions and data interactions.

Hidden Transactions

Blockchains like Monero and Zcash  advanced cryptographic techniques to obscure transaction details, including the sender, receiver, and the amount being transacted. Monero uses ring signatures and stealth addresses, while Zcash leverages zk-SNARKs for shielded transactions, ensuring a higher degree of anonymity. Monero utilizes ring signatures and stealth addresses to achieve transaction privacy, while Zcash leverages zk-SNARKs for shielded transactions. These privacy-focused blockchains offer a significantly higher degree of anonymity compared to public, transparent blockchains like Ethereum or Bitcoin. They are designed for users who prioritize confidentiality in their on-chain interactions.

Off-Chain Actions

Layer-2 solutions build on top of existing blockchains to improve scalability and, in many cases, enhance privacy by processing transactions off the main, public blockchain.

Smaller Footprint

Technologies like rollups and state channels enable transactions to be processed off the main blockchain, reducing the amount of data that is publicly visible on the ledger. For instance, iExec’s Decentralized Confidential Computing (DeCC) ensures privacy-preserving computations, enhancing scalability and privacy. This can significantly improve privacy by minimizing the on-chain footprint of user activity and reducing the potential for deanonymization through transaction analysis.

For example, using a Layer-2 scaling solution for making payments on Ethereum can keep the details of those individual transactions private from the main Ethereum blockchain, with only aggregated data being recorded on the main chain. This reduces congestion on the main chain while also enhancing user privacy.

Your Privacy Toolkit

Ultimately, protecting your privacy in Web3 requires a combination of technological solutions and informed user practices. Educating yourself about the risks and utilizing available privacy-enhancing tools is crucial for navigating this new landscape safely.

Smart Habits

Implementing basic security best practices is the first line of defense for protecting your privacy in Web3. This includes using strong, unique passwords for different Web3 services, enabling two-factor authentication wherever possible, being extremely cautious about clicking on suspicious links or downloading unknown files, and thoroughly researching the privacy policies of the decentralized applications you use.

Utilizing hardware wallets for securely storing your private keys and avoiding the reuse of wallet addresses for different transactions are also essential steps for enhancing your privacy. Think of these practices as your basic hygiene for the digital world.

Tools to Stay Safe

A variety of tools are available to help you enhance your privacy while interacting with Web3 applications. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) can mask your IP address, making it more difficult to link your online activity to your physical location. Privacy-focused browsers like Brave offer built-in features to block trackers and advertisements, reducing the amount of data collected about your browsing habits. Additionally, iExec’s DataProtector tool encrypts and safeguards data for training AI agents, ensuring user privacy.

Furthermore, using decentralized messaging applications with end-to-end encryption can protect the privacy of your communications within the Web3 ecosystem. These tools provide an extra layer of protection and control over your personal information.

Future of Web3 Privacy

The future of privacy in Web3 will be shaped by a combination of technological innovation, evolving regulatory frameworks, and a growing awareness among users and developers about the importance of privacy-preserving technologies.

How Rules Will Change

Regulators around the world are actively grappling with how to adapt existing privacy laws and develop new frameworks to address the unique challenges posed by Web3 technologies. Finding the right balance between fostering innovation and protecting user rights is a key challenge. Future regulations may focus on areas such as data ownership in decentralized systems, the responsibilities of developers of privacy-sensitive decentralized applications, the need for greater transparency in smart contract code, and the development of mechanisms for enforcing privacy rights in decentralized environments.

Collaboration between regulators, industry stakeholders, and privacy advocates will be crucial in shaping a regulatory landscape that supports both innovation and user privacy in Web3. The goal is to create a regulatory environment that fosters responsible innovation while safeguarding individual rights.

Tokenova: Your Partner in Web3 Security

Navigating the complexities of Web3 privacy can be challenging. At Tokenova, we provide expert guidance and solutions to help you build secure and privacy-preserving Web3 applications. Our team of experienced developers and security professionals can assist you with:

• Smart contract auditing and security reviews
• Decentralized identity solutions implementation
• Privacy-focused blockchain development
• Secure storage solutions
• Web3 security consulting

Contact us today to learn how Tokenova can help you build a safer and more private Web3 experience.

Conclusion

While the promise of a decentralized and user-centric internet offered by Web3 is incredibly compelling, the reality of web 3.0 privacy issues is complex and requires careful consideration. The inherent transparency of blockchains, while offering benefits in terms of security and auditability, also presents significant challenges to achieving true privacy. However, the landscape is rapidly evolving, with innovative technological solutions and a growing awareness of privacy concerns paving the way for a more privacy-preserving Web3.

By understanding the inherent risks, adopting proactive security measures, and utilizing available privacy-enhancing tools, users can navigate this new digital frontier with greater confidence and control over their data. The journey towards a truly private and decentralized web is an ongoing process, requiring collaboration and innovation, but the potential benefits for individual autonomy and a more equitable digital future are immense. Mastering Web3 privacy is not just about avoiding risks; it’s about actively shaping a future where decentralization and privacy go hand in hand, creating a digital world where users are truly empowered.

Key Takeaways

• Blockchain openness risks privacy: Public ledgers expose transaction details, making sensitive data visible.
• “Hidden” isn’t truly hidden: Pseudonymous wallet addresses can be traced back to real-world identities.
• Decentralized storage has risks: Data on systems like IPFS can be accessed if not properly encrypted.
• Mistakes are permanent: Immutable blockchains mean accidental data exposure can’t be undone.
• Smart contracts can have flaws: Bugs or vulnerabilities can lead to financial losses or data breaches.
• Regulation is tricky: Existing privacy laws struggle to address Web3’s decentralized nature.
• You’re in charge of your security: Self-custody means losing private keys equals losing access forever.
• New threats are coming: Sybil attacks, metadata exploitation, and cross-chain tracking are emerging risks.
• Stronger crypto helps: Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) and homomorphic encryption enhance privacy.
• Own your identity: Decentralized identity (DID) systems give users control over their personal data.
• Use private blockchains: Platforms like Monero and Zcash obscure transaction details for better privacy.
• Do more off-chain: Layer-2 solutions reduce on-chain activity, minimizing public exposure.
• Use smart habits and tools: Enable 2FA, use hardware wallets, VPNs, and privacy-focused browsers.
• Future of Web3 privacy: Depends on tech innovation, regulatory adaptation, and user education.
• Tokenova’s role: Provides smart contract audits, decentralized identity solutions, and privacy-focused development.

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